According to the MT, Goliath was 6 cubits and a span (about 9 feet 9 David, however, had no intention of fighting Goliath hand to hand or even on his terms. His height is given at six cubits and a span, or around nine and a half feet tall, but scholars have pointed out that older descriptions found in the Dead Sea Scrolls put him at four cubits and a span. Its a question that has been debated by scholars and historians alike, but now you can find out for yourself! Anyone who has read the early books of the Old Testament knows of the Philistines. David may have been the original inventor of the staff sling. Second, Gill's Exposition of 1 Chr 2:13 also notes others have David 7 of 8. Reading commentaries and looking at various translations informs one that Saul's age and length of reign are somewhat suspect from the witness in 1 Sam 13:1 (cf. The word used, (qn) can mean "small" or even "unimportant" (see BDB). thirty years oldWith Ish-Bosheth dead, David is offered the crown by the elders of Israel, and 2 Samuel 5:4 records, David was thirty years old when he became king, and he reigned forty years. He then conquers Jerusalem Zion to which he soon also brings the ark of the covenant. But the Masoretic Text (the most complete version of the Hebrew Bible and the one most English translations are based on) has it listed at 9 feet 9 inches or 2.97 metres. The Church fathers were openly critical of the Jewish texts, claiming that they had been corrupted. It was most likely in Saul's first year that Goliath vs. David happened. David ran toward his foe, reaching into his bag for a stone. He made fun of David because he was so young. Saul tried to dissuade David by appealing to David's youth and Goliath's experience. One National Geographic article suggests that an ancient slinger could hit a target with the equivalent striking power of a .44 caliber magnum bullet. It was then that he faced Goliath, was banished by Saul, hid in the desert, lived on the run, forced out of the nation, and fought many battles. American Schools of Oriental Research virtual annual meeting, November 19, 2020. Are there any clearer claims on the exact age of David when he fought Goliath? Jamieson-Fausset-Brown Bible Commentary on 1 Chr 2:15) or was disowned by Jesse between the Samuel and Chronicle accounts, or had a different mother (a solution noted in Gill's Exposition of 1 Chr 2:13), and is not listed here for one of these reasons. Make no mistake. Privacy Policy and Prior to seeing David, Samuel was impressed by the physical stature of David's brother Eliab and thought that he was the one God would choose. NO ONE WANTED TO TAKE HIM ON MAN TO MAN. The lion pretty much the same. What manuscripts did Jesus, His Disciples, Paul and the church fathers rely on? In the previous chapter, one of Saul's attendants describes David this way: One of the servants answered, I have seen a son of Jesse of Bethlehem Why did US v. Assange skip the court of appeal? No one would face this Man Kills Lion with Bare Hands Did David really kill a lion and a bear? Abigail did not become David's wife (1 Sam 25:42) until after Samuel died (1 Sam 25:1), so in the timeline of 1 Samuel, probably David was likely 26-27 when marrying Abigail. "David was thirty years old when he began to reign" (2 Sam. This site is a proud member of the Salem Web Network, a subsidiary of, Copyright 2023, Crosswalk.com. David explains to King Saul that by the grace of God he had killed a lion and bear that were attempting to have lamb chops for dinner. 17:4 (NET)] If his training was not enough to intimidate any potential opponent, Goliaths size a height of six cubits and a span (1 Samuel 17:4), which was about nine and a half feet tall would have deterred almost anyone. Tim Chaffey, AiGUS, examines what the Bible actually teaches about the stature of David. So, depending where you obtain your information, you will find that Goliath stood somewhere between just short of seven feet to eleven feet tall (2.14 3.35 meters). Some texts such as the Dead Sea scrolls say Goliath was only 69 or 207 cm while other texts say he was 99 or 298 cm. While these facts above don't necessarily indicate his height, the following verses provide some clues. However, there is a reasonable possibility that David is the 7th of 8 total sons of Jesse. Terms of Service apply. 2 What was the height of David when he killed Goliath? The three older sons of Jesse had gone after Saul to the battle. Bruce Bower has written about the behavioral sciences for Science News since 1984. his name [David's unmentioned brother of 1 Chr 2] was Elihu, and was younger than David, who is mentioned in 1 But there is some debate about the actual height of the Philistine giant, which is to be expected given various translations and interpretations on how to properly convert ancient units of measurement. This was possible, in part, because Adam lived to be 930 years old. In the Septuagint, the verses from 1 Samuel 17:12 31 are not to be found. David would eventually subdue the Philistines, and during the time of Solomon, there was peace When David was a teenager, he was anointed as the next king of Israel. So Amasa could be near Absalom's age, and thus Abigail closer to David's age. Noahs Flood: a Historical, Global Catastrophe. Using an Ohm Meter to test for bonding of a subpanel, How to create a virtual ISO file from /dev/sr0. After leaving Saul, David ran towards Goliath prepared to fight. Because the Israelites focused on the giants in front of them instead of the promises and proven power of God, they missed out on the Promised Land and wander the desert for forty years as a result. When hes not writing stories and defending biblical truth, Joel is committed to helping young men find purpose in Christ and become fearless disciples and bold leaders in their homes, in the church, and in the world. April 2022. Now Ishbosheth was 40 when his father Saul died (2 Sam 2:10), but Jonathan had been the oldest son (1 Sam 14:49, 20:31). Each of four inner pillars of an Iron Age gateway at et-Tell (possibly the biblical city of Bethsaida), including this one, measures 2.38 meters, or four cubits and a span, wide. It is possible to insert likely figures into those positions to attempt to make sense of it all. King Saul agreed to let David fight Goliath, so he offered David his own armor to use for the battlelikely the very same armor David had borne for Saul as his armor bearer. God said: I will bless those who bless you. Excessive production of GH is often the result of swelling in the pituitary gland, and in some cases, a benign tumor can press on the pituitary, secreting excessive amounts of GH. At a settlement called et-Tell in northern Israel, for instance, two pillars at the front of the city gate are each 2.7 meters wide, or five 54-centimeter cubits. Don't forget that 1 Chr. When did the battle of David and Goliath take place? While talking to the King of Israel. In most artistic representations, artists neglect Davids staff. Such might have helped pinpoint David's age, but there is still some other evidences. David would go on to become a national hero, respected military commander, king of Israel, and man after Gods own heart; and his story is well-documented throughout Scripture. Most accounts suggest 9 feet (2.9 m). He was talented in the ways of warfare and gained a reputation for himself in battle and for his music. 1Sam 16:18: "Then answered one of the servants, and said, Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse the Bethlehemite, that is cunning in playing, and a mighty valiant man, and a man of war, and prudent in matters, and a comely person, and the LORD is with him.". (2 Kings 12:1,2 Chronicles 24:1) He was succeeded by his son, Amaziah of Judah. Each of his first six wives bore David a son, while Bathsheba bore him four sons. He told the people, I will fight Goliath because God will help me win. When King Saul heard this, he let David fight Goliath but tried to give him armor and a sword. This would fit the geographical invasion path used during most Philistine incursions. So, if Saul was in his mid-40s at the beginning of his reign, he had to be mid-80s when he was fighting in the heat of battle prior to killing himself rather than being captured. Can someone explain why this point is giving me 8.3V? The story of David, Goliath and Saul Although Saul acted foolishly on several occasions, he was not unintelligent. Some have tried to reduce or downplay these staggering figures,3 but there are problems with these claims. UPDATE: Regarding this calculation, I should note David's two sisters from 1 Chr 2:16Zeruiah and Abigail. Saul was secretly anointed by the prophet Samuel to be king (1 Sam.10) and we know that his total reign was 40 years (Acts 13:21). Connect and share knowledge within a single location that is structured and easy to search. Notice that he did not claim that David was too small, although even the tallest people today would be dwarfed by Goliath. So close was David to King Saul that David was appointed as the Kings armour bearer. his youth.. In addition, two further unnamed sons are recorded as having been born in Jerusalem, one, probably both, having died in infancy. It does not rule out the possibility that David used a shepherds sling. Many people wonder just how tall Goliath was - was he really a giant or just a larger man? How old was David when he fought God talk about David as someone of a certain level of maturity and strongness (virile). Here it says that David slew Goliath in that battle but in 2 Samuel 21:19 it says that Elhanan killed Goliath. 13:1 has been difficult to translate because of damage to the source manuscript. Who was King David and why was he so important? How is white allowed to castle 0-0-0 in this position? Your email address will not be published. The Bible tells us that this went on for forty days with no Israelite daring to step forward to face the fearsome giant (1 Samuel 17:16). The following passage contains the description of the giant Goliath. Joel Ryanis an author, writing professor, and contributing writer for Salem Web Network and Lifeway. This article opens up aspects of a well-known story that most readers have never considered. But Davids victory over Goliath was more than just a one-hit wonder and win for the little guy. David and Goliath: David's Reasons For Fighting. 5:4), "In Hebron he reigned seven years and six months, and in Jerusalem he reigned thirty-three years" (2 Sam. Remember, when Saul became king it was said about him that "From his shoulders upward he was taller than any of the people" (1 Samuel 9:2; 10:23).4. Thanks! When you have a chance, be sure to check out the, Welcome to Biblical Hermeneutics Stack Exchange John, thanks for contributing! Chadwicks 2019 excavations found one of presumably several gateways that allowed access to Gath through the citys defensive walls. He was also incredibly strong as his armour of mail weighed 125 pounds and the iron head of his spear weighed 15 pounds. If they were born a year apart then David would be 14 or 15. Right here on Churchgist, you are privy to a litany of relevant information on physical description of david in the bible,david and goliath height and weight, and so much more. There is an interesting possibility. There will always be what ifs and buts. In Davids A couple of points. When we think of shepherds, we imagine teenagers like at the Nativity. In Davids day shepherds were the biggest, toughest guys And why would God break His command or precedent age under the Law of Moses; to recruit or allow the youthful men of Israel to serve in army of the God of Israel? The Philistines were an ancient nation living in Canaan and were mentioned first in Genesis 21:32. This is in the time of Abraham. The Philistines We tend to envision shepherds as the teenagers we associate with the Nativity, but in Davids time, shepherds were the biggest, toughest guys around. Although its difficult to precisely identify Davids age at that time, there are some indications that he was of reasonably mature/large stature at the the time to be able to put on Sauls armor who was head and shoulders above everyone else in Israel. WebIn 1040 B.C., David was born in Bethlehem. Goliaths height is up for debate. Thanks for contributing. Goliath called down curses on David (1 Samuel 17:43). It was nearly 15 years between the time that he was anointed king and actually became king. Sure at age 20 year old is still a boy as it is a very young age and still kind of juvenile, but it would maybe mean that he had not yet reaches the age of 20 as long as a male person could join the military army from age 20 only and knowing that he was not in the army yet at this moment. Web(The same brothers who got passed over to be king) Hearing and seeing Goliath David immediately volunteers to fight him. But careful evaluations of many excavated structures over the last several years have revealed that standard measures differed slightly between the two regions, Chadwick said. David And Goliath In The Valley. Subscribers, enter your e-mail address for full access to the Science News archives and digital editions. Based off the time frame of David marrying Abigail, there has to be some years time for his fleeing Saul prior to that, as well as his brief marriage to Michal that occurred relatively soon after the Goliath incident. The Bible provides detailed biographical information about David. Checks and balances in a 3 branch market economy. If two brothers are twins and David was 7th in order, then David could well be 18 years old. It was this fear in the presence of literal giants that caused the Israelites to cower and tremble. Some ancient texts say that Goliath stood at four cubits and a span - which Chadwick says equals about 7.80 feet (2.38 meters) while other ancient texts claim Goliath was an incredibly large and strong man: It is difficult to imagine a person so large. Many believe that David was as young as fifteen when he struck the giant down with his shepherds sling. David is an important figure in Judaism, Christianity, and Islam. Invest in quality science journalism by donating today. None of these arguments are watertight, but taken together, a much stronger case can be made for David being a large man than the commonly held view that he was small. In the Septuagint, the story makes perfect sense. Under the age of 20, they were designated as "male", and from age 20 as "man" for the ones able to fight. It says that Saul began to reign at the age of XX 1 and that he reigned for XX 2 years. It was one of these campaigns that brought Saul and David into conflict with the Philistines and their champion. Furthermore, the opinion of an Israelite warrior seems to indicate that at least by some he was accepted as mighty valiant man and a man of war at that time A description which suggests some level of maturity not typical for a young teenager. Abigail is harder to disqualify from affecting the calculations. Goliaths height is up for debate. The beginning of the story: The selection of King Saul is a good place to start. Your email address will not be published. Please follow the instructions we emailed you in order to finish subscribing. David was 20 years old when he killed Goliath: this is because 20 years of age was (is) GOD's precedent age for a young Israelite man to be recruited or participate in the military of the children of Israel, as Scripture states in Numbers;chapter 1. Can you still use Commanders Strike if the only attack available to forego is an attack against an ally? According to the MT, Goliath was 6 cubits and a span (about 9 feet 9 inches), while in the Septuagint, the Dead Sea Scrolls and Josephus, he was 4 cubits and a span (about 6 feet 9 inches). Sometime after David was anointed, King Saul was being troubled by a "distressing spirit" (1 Samuel 16:14). The standard cubit was about 18 inches, and a span was half of a cubit, so 9 inches. Some scholars believe that the length of the life spans of the people of this time was due to a vapor canopy in the atmosphere. Some ancient texts state that Goliath stood four cubits and one span. Chadwick says this equals about 7.80 feet (2.38 meters). In conclusion: In the search for the truth, it is sometimes necessary to bring into question things that we thought were settled and absolute. Goliath mocked David and said that he was not afraid of a little boy. How tall was David in the Bible when he fought Goliath? How was David known as "king of the land" while fleeing from Saul? Your newsletter signup did not work out. How big was Goliath? The Bible states he was six cubits and a span tall (1Samuel 17:4). I didn't look into the ages of their kids as you have--nice. David played for Saul and was successful in comforting the king. Each of four inner pillars at the city gate measure 2.38 meters wide, or four 54-centimeter cubits and a 22-centimeter span. Such a device can deliver quite a heavy stone with great force and velocity. Therefore, Goliath was a very tall man, and David was probably about as tall. Thats twice the weight of a billiard ball or a baseball which are about equal in mass. And Jesse was old in the days of Saul, advanced in years among men. Plus, can you give your view on the "boy" factor of David as what the other characters said in the time being. If David weighed in at 150 pounds, even the shorter recording of Goliath may have been 500 pounds. How to Market Your Business with Webinars. Needless to say, Goliaths defensive armor and weaponry were larger, heavier, and more expensive than most and would have required a man of substantial size and strength to wield. So she was likely at least 10-15 years older than David to have three sons of her own that were either already men of war, or at least nearing that age at the time David was also nearing it. If Abigail falls between the 4th oldest son and David, then David's maximum age would have to bump down 10 more months, so for sake of argument, assume she is just above David, though she could be in any slot (this assumes as well that she was not a fraternal twin to any of those sons): There is no further information I am aware of to either include or exclude Abigail as a possible factor, and so David's maximum age must be set as a range between 15yr 9m and 16yr 7m, depending upon whether she was or was not a factor by her birth order. WebDavid and Goliath by Michelangelo, on the Sistine Chapel ceiling American actor Ted Cassidy portrayed Goliath in the TV series Greatest Heroes of the Bible in 1978. J. Chadwick. Now for some controversy: I have been brought up in the Protestant tradition that the King James Version of the Bible is the only one that is authoritative. Is this how the Bible describes David? speaks well and is a fine-looking man. "So they set the ark of God on a new cart, and brought it out of the Why is 1 Samuel 14:49-51 missing such a large portion of Saul's family? What does "up to" mean in "is first up to launch"? Web140 views, 3 likes, 2 loves, 4 comments, 3 shares, Facebook Watch Videos from Grapevine Baptist Church: Auto Created Event Joshua and Caleb, who had put their faith in God, not unlike David, would later lead Israel against the Anakim and drive them from the Promised Land. WebItalian actor Luigi Montefiori portrayed this 9 ft 0 in (2.74 m)-tall giant in Paramount 's 1985 live-action film King David as part of a flashback. Stack Exchange network consists of 181 Q&A communities including Stack Overflow, the largest, most trusted online community for developers to learn, share their knowledge, and build their careers. @JoshuaWilson Very well explanation. Given God's comment about Eliab's physical stature (1 Sam 16:7), the term being used of David may refer to his stature, not his age (which is even more plausible given the 1 Chr 2:13-15 information). I have taken into consideration the answer stated in this link, which argues that David was 15 years old or younger. (Odds are reduced to 44% and 20%, respectively, if you assume David was 7th.). Here's one other clue that would support the idea that he's older than 15 years old. There are few stories more enduring than that of David and Goliath. But David occasionally went and returned from Saul to feed his father's sheep at Bethlehem. (1 Samuel 17:58). Is it safe to publish research papers in cooperation with Russian academics? But David came to the Israelite camp to play music for Saul, and he heard Goliaths taunts. David, (flourished c. 1000 bce), second king of ancient Israel. So now we know that the Ark first went to house of Abinadab on the hill twenty years earlier, making David 17.5/18 years old at that time. Thank you for signing up to receive email newsletters from Answers in Genesis. Jehoash was 7 years old when his reign began, and he reigned for 40 years. Accordingly, a single stone was all it took to fell the foul giant. He was defying God himself on Gods own turf. WebIn 1 Samuel 17 the traditional story of David and Goliath is found. Such is the ubiquity of the tale that any conflict between a big guy and a little guy is called a David and Goliath battle. In His Word, God has told us that He made the world in six normal-length days and destroyed the world with a Flood (2 Peter 3:6). Most people look small next to me since I am 6'9" (and have often been called a giant), but Goliath was a full three feet taller than me and much stronger! The Bible and archeological evidence both tell us that the Philistines were originally a seafaring people who had migrated from somewhere inthe Aegean Sea (possibly near modern day Crete; Jeremiah 47:4) to the Mediterranean coast of Canaan around the12th century B.C. That, coupled with the information from Joshua Wilson's answer certainly weighs to him being under 20 at the time of the encounter. Long-standing acromegaly can also produce barrel chest, which Dr. Eric J. Olson of the Mayo Clinic describes as, a rounded, bulging chest that resembles the shape of a barrel. This could also explain why Goliath had such a large suit of armor, which the biblical text says weighed five thousand shekels of bronze (1 Samuel 17:5). Then answered one of the servants, and said, Behold, I have seen a son of Jesse the Bethlehemite, that is cunning in playing, and a mighty valiant man, and a man of war, and prudent in matters, and a comely person, and the LORD is with him. There is the proof. If he really had been a little boy, that offer would never have been made. King Saul probably was 43. That mission has never been more important than it is today. Any thought of the biblical King David is bound to conjure Michelangelo s 17-foot-tall marble masterwork. WebDavid saw that everyone was scared of Goliath, but he knew that God was on their side. Dimensions of masonry at these sites display various combinations of the three measurements, Chadwick said. At the time that Saul was rejected, David was 20 or 21 years old when he was anointed, and probably only a dozen or so years younger than Jonathan. Armed with the right weapons, perspective, and Gods anointing, David saw opportunity, proving through his life and public victory that, God sees not as man sees, for man looks at the outward appearance, but the Lord looks at the heart. (1 Samuel 16:7). Instead, Saul said, "You are not able to go against this Philistine to fight with him; for you are a youth, and he a man of war from his youth" (1 Samuel 17:33, emphasis added). [The XX refers to missing digits.] Many books have been written on the subject, and it seems that to suggest otherwise is tantamount to heresy. Keep in mind that upon Sauls death, David became king at the age of 30. But how tall was David in the Bible? Article Images Copyright , 4 Ways God Wants to Renew You according to the Story of Elijah, California - Do Not Sell My Personal Information. Am I missing something? This film includes the King of the Saul took him [David] that day, and would not let him go home to his father's house anymore. 2) Assuming that all who were old enough to go to war went. Excavators of et-Tell regard it as the site of a biblical city called Bethsaida. An alternative timeline: The secret anointing of Saul and later events allow the probability that the confidence was kept for many years prior to him being chosen by the people. Be sure to take our. As expected, these campaigns were often met with resistance from Israels armies, led by the judges and later kings. how big was the ancient cubit? David had even rejected the heavy armor of King Saul for being too cumbersome (1 Samuel 17:38-40). She was mother of Amasa, who does not enter the scene until much later in David's reign, when Absalom (David's son) elevated Amasa during his coop to take the throne (2 Sam 17:25). What do we actually know Goliath, the champion from Gath? The death of Goliath: David, who was perhaps 23 or 24 years old, dispatched Goliath with a stone from a sling. [42] Italian actor Luigi Montefiori portrayed this 9 ft 0 in (2.74 m)-tall giant in Paramount 's 1985 live-action film King David as part of a flashback. Browse other questions tagged, Start here for a quick overview of the site, Detailed answers to any questions you might have, Discuss the workings and policies of this site. If you accept Goliaths height as 69 then he was probably about a foot taller than David. Clearly, a lot of what Gladwell and other doctors have hypothesized is speculation, but there is enough evidence from the biblical text to suggest that Goliath could have suffered from an actual medical condition known as gigantism or even its counterpart acromegaly, which can manifest in adults even after theyve reached maturity. E-mail us atfeedback@sciencenews.org | Reprints FAQ. A version of this article appears in the December 19, 2020 issue of Science News. So the people said "We want a king! He needed to be fast, and a sling was the way to go. Whatever the actual dimensions, he was a lot bigger than David. Would you ever say "eat pig" instead of "eat pork"? Some texts such as When a gnoll vampire assumes its hyena form, do its HP change? King David of Israel was a real person who reigned during 1010-970 B.C.E. Many are also curious if Goliath had any condition that contributed to his physical size. Goliath, the Gittite, is the most well known giant in the Bible. The story has turned out to be much more nuanced than anybody has believed. 1Sam 17:38: "And Saul armed David with his armour, and he put an helmet of brass upon his head; also he armed him with a coat of armour formed by chains.". From a human perspective, David faced tremendous odds, and no one thought he could defeat the giant. King Saul, understanding that Davids odds of winning arent great, tries to help him out by giving him some of his own battle armor. The ancient writer used a real architectural metric from that time to describe Goliaths height, likely to indicate that he was as big and strong as his citys walls, Chadwick said. Later in King Sauls life, he would be killed by the Philistines in the Gilboa area. [1Sam. I just find it logical, but I have no idea because the ones from the army call him "too young" to fight Goliath as he is just a "boy". 9:2) We see that Saul is described as a young man (probably in his 20s to early 30s) who was a head taller than his peers. Archaeology demonstrates that the average height of a man around 1000 BCE was less than 5 feet 6 inches, allowing to probability that Saul was over 6 feet tall. Given the 12 year public reign of Saul, his rejection must have taken place within 2 to 3 years of the beginning of that period. He has revealed that His Son was born of a virgin (Matthew 1:2325), died on the Cross for our sins (Colossians 2:1314), rose from the dead (1 Corinthians 15:4), will one day return (Acts 1:11), and there will be a day of judgment (2 Peter 3:7). Digging Up the Bible: Gath, Gaza, and Goliath, Who Are David and Goliath? This is a great first answer, but is a little bit lengthy, and doesn't really answer the question as such - it could be improved by putting a clearer short summary either at the beginning or the end (with some title text), so users don't have to read two thousand words just to know your conclusion! The biblical warrior Goliath is best known for losing a fight with the underdog David. Gone is the narrative of a young shepherd boy bringing food for his brothers, and of Saul forgetting who David and his family were. And Dr. Ian Chapman writes in the Merck Manual that some patients with acromegaly experience a cartilaginous proliferation of the larynx (which) leads to a deep, husky voice. This may explain why Goliath was able to physically and verbally intimidate the armies of Israel, as his voice carried across the valley (1 Samuel 17:8). How tall was David in the Bible when he fought Goliath? There is a large range of flexibility in its meaning (see BDB), including "marriageable age," and David using the term himself of Absalom (2 Sam 18:5), his third son (2 Sam 3:3) at a time when he was clearly already a grown man (having his own children, 2 Sam 14:27). Based on the age (of twenty) of "manhood" and a few more references (to show my work), it is possible to make a logical guess. Novena Prayer To Velankanni Mother In Konkani, Prayer For A Friend Whose Mother Passed Away, Powerful Prayer For Healing Of The Teeth And Gums, Bible Quiz Questions And Answers From The Book Of Luke Pdf, Spiritual Meaning Of Eating Sugar Cane In The Dream, Thank You Letter To A Church For Financial Support, Spiritual Meaning of Someone Dying on Your Birthday, Spiritual Meaning Of Hearing Someone Call Your Name, Sample Introduction of A Pastor As Guest Speaker, Prayer For My Mother In Heaven On Her Birthday. 2 He had a bronze helmet on his head, and he was armed with a coat of mail, and the weight of the coat was five This blog post will tell you all about how tall David was in the Bible, including: -What did other people think Davids height was? Once again, please remember the purpose of this series on misconceptions is to provide a closer look at the text so that we are not guilty of misrepresenting the Word of God by repeating popular versions of the actual events.
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