Yes, severe COVID-19 can be fatal. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2020, Mask use in the context of COVID-19. Learn more about COVID-19 testing. Analysts have tried to sort out these competing terms, giving a bit more statistical clarity to which businesses are open and which workers are leaving their homes. Examples of zoonotic diseases include Rabies, West Nile Virus, COVID-19, Lyme Disease, and Plague. Congress should use these lists to determine the size of the national security stockpileincluding items such as protective equipment and medical devicesin order to rapidly protect the frontline workforce during a future pandemic. In accordance with WHO guidance on core componentsof IPC programs, district and national IPC management should support facility IPC focal points. Yet climate scientists expect more frequent outbreaks of violent diseases in the future. 3 0 obj It is probably for this reason that few people showed reluctance in following the guidelines given through these channels and kept ignoring them. Clinical management of COVID-19. N Engl J Med. Jones L. The Big Ones: How Natural Disasters Have Shaped Humanity. In settings with limited or no IPC infrastructure, establishing minimum requirementsfor national- and facility-level measures to protect patients and health workers is critical. The frequently reported complications of COVID-19 were pneumonia (79.4%), kidney failure (22.8%), and death (54.9%) by the respondents. World Health Organization; 2020. Postponing nonessential health services frees health workers to provide COVID-19 care and reduces crowding in waiting rooms. An infectious disease emerging in human populations for the first time. Consider alternate care sites and non-facility-based care to maintain essential health services. In the past, several infectious disease outbreaks have been traced to viruses originating in birds, pigs, bats and other . For example. Modify outpatient service delivery to maximize patient and health worker safety. Our study revealed that HCWs and people with a higher educational background (graduation or more) were more aware of the symptoms and the complications of COVID-19. (2020) Available online at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200621-covid-19-sitrep-153.pdf?sfvrsn=c896464d_2 (accessed June 21, 2020), 32. Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) Situation Report-47. Surprisingly, 18.3% of the respondents are unaware of any preparation, and 4.5% do not find it necessary. The IPC focal point, in collaboration with other relevant people, should coordinate and apply various activities in the facility: Communicate with local public health authorities to understand protocols for reporting suspected or confirmed COVID-19 patients and mechanisms to request supplies or other support. We define frontline workers as employees within essential industries who must physically show up to their jobs. While some frontline occupations pay much higher wagessuch as physicians ($98.02 per hour) and pharmacists ($59.45 per hour)the largest occupations tend to be the lowest-paid. A Pathogenis defined as a bacterium,virus, or another microorganism (e.g. 28. Another 21 million worked in health care industries, and over 10 million in transportation and logistics. Public sector workers represented almost 26% of all essential workers. It is also important to receive a booster when eligible. Advice on the Use of Masks in the Community, During Home Care and in Healthcare Settings in the Context of the Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV) Outbreak: Interim Guidance, 29 January 2020. endobj News Release: Regeneron and Sanofi Provide Update on US Phase 2/3 Adaptive-Designed Trial of Kevzara (Sarilumab) in Hospitalized COVID-19 Patients. Adjusted EPS of $1.22 was up 6 percent versus the prior year. These supplies include medical masks, Monitor the use of these supplies. Establish engineering controls or structural changes to the facility that reduce SARS-CoV-2 transmission (e.g., installing physical barriers like glass or plastic shields at screening and triage stations. Research continues, and more study may reveal how and why the coronavirus evolved to cause pandemic disease. However, there were few misconceptions regarding the mode of COVID-19 transmission among the participants, which need to be addressed. People Who Are at Higher Risk for Severe Illness. CDC provides technical assistance to help other countries increase their ability to prevent, detect, and respond to health threats, including COVID-19. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study of its kind, conducted in Saudi Arabia that is assessing the awareness and preparedness toward COVID-19 among HCWs and other residents. However, gender, age, and area comparisons on these measures were non-significant. This collective input can help inform and target social, income, and other policies. doi: 10.1073/pnas.2005615117. The best way to protect yourself is to get vaccinated and boosted when you are eligible, follow testing guidelines, wear a mask, wash your hands and practice physical distancing. To protect todays frontline workers and to ensure the country is better prepared for the next pandemic, the federal government must create a formal list of essential industries and their frontline workforces. This site is using cookies under cookie policy . On January 30, 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) declared the novel coronavirus outbreak a public health emergency of international concern, which was the 6th declaration of its kind in WHO history (2, 3). COVID-19 pandemic: prevention and protection measures to be adopted at the workplace. There are several COVID-19 vaccines recommended by the CDC. Figure 1. Zhang B, Liu S, Tan T, Huang W, Dong Y, Chen L, et al. Also, our study confirmed that nearly half of the participants were ready to visit the hospital immediately if needed. Moreover, the Saudi government decided to suspend congregational prayers across all mosques in the kingdom, including the two holy mosques in Makkah and Madinah (35). Guidelines on core components of infection prevention and control programmes at the national and acute health care facility level. Health workers involved in aerosol-generating procedures require N95s, not medical masks. Learn a new word every day. These cookies perform functions like remembering presentation options or choices and, in some cases, delivery of web content that based on self-identified area of interests. Lancet Pub Health. fungus) that can cause disease. New York City went a different route, defining frontline workers based on all jobs in six specific industries. All told, over 54 million workers spanned just these three sectors. Developing effective and scalable means for testing, treating, and vaccinating against the virus all present mind-boggling challenges. These operational considerations are intended for use by health workers, including managers and IPC teams at outpatient facilities in non-U.S. healthcare settings. Chest. For When 'Lowdown Crook' Isn't Specific Enough. Operational definition of coronavirus - 15890690. Along with that, such workplaces must be well-ventilated with a natural air of artificial ventilation without re-circulation of air for high-risk work activities and jobs. It provides clear and concise criteria for what is meant by a particular term or concept and helps to ensure that different researchers can measure and interpret the same phenomenon in consistent ways. From personal care aides to delivery service drivers to retail salespersons, frontline workers make up a majority of the 90 million essential workers. WA and DB: data collection and calculations, writing, reviewing, editing of the manuscript, and formal analysis. The classification of "pandemic" comes when a disease affects the global population. The present study also analyzed the preparedness of HCWs to fight against COVID-19 and found all participated HCWs were well prepared and ready for the current outbreak. World Health organization. Table 4. Heres whyand how it should work, Coronavirus (COVID-19) Families, Communities, and Education. The present study examined the level of awareness and preparedness toward prevention of COVID-19 using area, gender, age, education level, and occupation as explanatory variables among the residents (HCWs and other community peoples) of South-West Saudi Arabia. For updates of coronavirus infections, deaths and vaccinations worldwide, see theCoronavirus COVID-19 Global Casesmap developed by the Johns Hopkins Center for Systems Science and Engineering. 34. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.4783, 25. FA: preparation of Google form and Arabic translation. (2020) 21:100329. doi: 10.1101/2020.02.11.20020735, 13. COVIDis short for "coronavirusdisease." Consider consultation outside of the household to ensure adequate ventilation. Similarly, among different employment backgrounds, HCWs make up more than one-third of the sample size. The COVID-19 Vaccination Program Interim Operational Guidance for Jurisdictions Playbook. Additionally, in communities with widespread community transmission of COVID-19, implementing source control for patients, visitors, and health workers at facilities through universal use of masks can also reduce transmission of SARS-CoV-2. Mutations may enable the coronavirus to spread faster from person to person as in the case of the delta and omicron variants. Knowledge and preparedness do translate into improved practices toward COVID-19 prevention and the same was reflected in this study. Hundreds of thousands of construction, building equipment, and production workers also earn below-average wages and face higher levels of physical proximity. When community transmission of SARS-CoV-2 is suspected, facility leadership and the IPC focal point should review IPC guidance and operational considerationsfor healthcare facilities and follow national IPC guidance to prepare facilities to safely triage and manage patients with COVID-19 symptoms. Furthermore, fever, cough, and difficulty in breathing were stated as the most common COVID-19 symptoms by 89.8, 83.9, and 90.9% of respondents, respectively. Our findings suggest that residents who are less educated and who are non-healthcare professionals possess less knowledge of COVID-19 disease and preventive measures than their counterparts. 30. Postponing nonessential health services frees health workers to provide COVID-19 care and reduces crowding in waiting rooms. Since this study was conducted during the lockdown period, a Google survey was prepared with an online informed consent form on the first page. The frontline workforce includes many of these groups. Mono, and Sarilumab which are immunosuppressants and are humanized antibodies against the interleukin-6 receptor, were also tested on severely ill patients of COVID-19. Knowledge, attitudes, and practices towards COVID-19 among Chinese residents during the rapid rise period of the COVID-19 outbreak: a quick online cross-sectional survey. endobj Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. People who did not meet the above inclusion criteria were not eligible and were thus excluded from the study. COVID-19 Vaccine: Can It Affect Your Mammogram Results? If possible, identify health workers who can monitor those patients at home with daily check-ins using telephone calls, text, or other means. A pilot survey of 10 individuals was undertaken first to ensure that the questions elicited appropriate response and there were no problems with the entry of answers into the database. Available online at: https://www.moh.gov.sa/CCC/healthp/regulations/Documents/Coronavirus%20Disease%202019%20Guidelines%20v1.1.pdf (accessed April 13, 2020). Remdesivir for 5 or 10 days in patients with Severe COVID-19. Saudi Arabia suspends prayer in mosques, exempts holy Makkah and Madinah sites. Copyright 2020 Tripathi, Alqahtani, Albarraq, Meraya, Tripathi, Banji, Alshahrani, Ahsan and Alnakhli. An ongoing outbreak of infection by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2), termed as COVID-19, aroused the attention of the entire world. Rarely, an animal coronavirus can infect humans. Regeneron Pharmaceuticals. World Health Organization; 2016. Althobaity HM, Alharthi RAS, Altowairqi MH, Alsufyani ZA, Aloufi NS, Altowairqi AE, et al. P2, Links to or contact External Resource Centers for COVID-19 (Coronavirus) (CDC, WHO etc.). (2015) 5:1639. Global Health Policy. Congress should use these lists to determine the size of the countrys national security stockpilewhich includes protective equipment and medical devicesto be able to rapidly safeguard the frontline workforce during a future pandemic. health care, education, and service activities, Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), cost millions of retail and manufacturing jobs, COVID-19s essential workers deserve hazard pay. Conclusion: As the global threat of COVID-19 continues to emerge, it is critical to improve the awareness and preparedness of the targeted community members, especially the less educated ones. Ostensibly, an essential industry refers to businesses and other establishments that must stay open during a public health emergency. The convalescent sera option for containing COVID-19. On March 9, 2020, government authorities announced the lockdown of the whole country and released advice for Saudi nationals and residents present inside or outside of country to stay at home and maintain social distancing. HCWs make up 36.7% of participants, and 63.3% of participants are classified as other. The WHO have initiated several online training sessions and materials on COVID-19 in various languages to strengthen preventive strategies, including raising awareness and training HCWs in preparedness activities (53). Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined as illness caused by a novel coronavirus now called severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; formerly called 2019-nCoV), which was first identified amid an outbreak of respiratory illness cases in Wuhan City, Hubei Province, China. [1] It was initially reported to the WHO on December 31, 2019. (2020) Available online at: https://www.recoverytrial.net/news/low-cost-dexamethasone-reduces-death-by-up-to-one-third-in-hospitalised-patients-with-severe-respiratory-complications-of-covid-19 (accessed June 21, 2020). This coronavirus spreads primarily through respiratory droplets of >510 m in diameter, discharge from the mouth or nose, when an infected person coughs or sneezes (12, 13). The majority of participants stat that they avoid crowded places, mass gatherings, or traveling to suspected areas (95.1%), and 82.7% wear face masks when going outside and have increased the use of hand sanitizers and home cleaning materials. Under such conditions, people's adherence to preventive measures is greatly affected by their awareness of the disease. A previously unknown or undetected pathogen in an ecosystem. We are certainly no exception today as people try to figure out how to copeand help others copewith the grief . This is acceptable since we are monitoring Arab News. Age, gender, and area were non-significant predictors of COVID-19 awareness. 3. COVID-19 has hit Black and Latino or Hispanic workers especially hard, and both are well-represented in the frontline workforce. A viral host is an organism that harbors a pathogenic (disease-causing) virus. Saving Lives, Protecting People, Given new evidence on the B.1.617.2 (Delta) variant, CDC has updated the, The White House announced that vaccines will be required for international travelers coming into the United States, with an effective date of November 8, 2021. doi: 10.4103/2231-0762.159951, 50. When the whole world is struggling to control COVID-19 spreading, Saudi Arabia has reported 1,155 positive cases (as of June 21, 2020) in Jazan and Aseer region (313 and 842, respectively) among 157,612 positive cases the entire country (50). Available online at: WHO/2019-nCoV/Sci_Brief/Transmission_modes/2020.2 (accessed April 4, 2020), 14. To receive email updates about COVID-19, enter your email address: We take your privacy seriously. (2020). Zhong BL, Luo W, Li HM, Zhang QQ, Liu XG, Li WT, et al. (2020) 12:3603. doi: 10.3390/su12093603, Keywords: COVID-19, coronavirus, outbreak, awareness, preparedness, healthcare, residents, questionnaire, Citation: Tripathi R, Alqahtani SS, Albarraq AA, Meraya AM, Tripathi P, Banji D, Alshahrani S, Ahsan W and Alnakhli FM (2020) Awareness and Preparedness of COVID-19 Outbreak Among Healthcare Workers and Other Residents of South-West Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Survey. HCWs preparedness to fight against COVID 19. As natural hazards are inevitable; the disaster is not, (36) to facilitate the management of the COVID-19 outbreak in Saudi Arabia, there is an urgent need to understand the public's awareness and preparedness for COVID-19 during this challenging time. Other coronaviruses can cause serious diseases, including severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). The results of this survey indicated that the majority of respondents were aware of the knowledge, preventive measures and well prepared to fight against COVID-19. Since, SARS-CoV-2 binds to their target cells through ACE-2, it was suggested that patients with cardiac disease, hypertension, and diabetes are at the higher risk of developing severe to fatal COVID-19 (14, 15). Statement From the Chief Investigators of the Randomised Evaluation of COVid-19 Therapy (RECOVERY) Trial on Dexamethasone: Low-Cost Dexamethasone Reduces Death by up to One Third in Hospitalised Patients With Severe Respiratory Complications of COVID-19. Vaccines & Boosters | Testing | Visitor Guidelines | Coronavirus. These data sources do not capture all the potential risks that frontline workers face, but they offer a start to more detailed conversations. Effective treatment of severe COVID-19 patients with tocilizumab. Coordinating with local public health authorities can expand strategies available to an individual facility (e.g., identifying alternate care sites for essential health services). So far, more than 9 million confirmed cases of COVID- 19 infections have been identified globally with more than 0.46 million confirmed deaths (as on June 21, 2020). They were not convinced or accepting of the facts disseminated to them initially. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) defines a pandemic as a disease outbreak that has spread across multiple countries and continents and usually impacts many people. HCWs must be trained in infection prevention and control practices and use of PPEs to handle such situations (54, 55). 31. Goldman JD, Lye DCB, Hui DS, Marks KM, Bruno R, Montejano R, et al. To minimize the risk of SARS-CoV-2 transmission at outpatient facilities, the use of alternate care sites or non-facility-based models of healthcare delivery may be considered to separate patients in need of essential health services from patients seeking care for acute illness. P7, Do not need any preparation. These measures included the closure of schools, universities, public transportation, and all public places as well as the isolation and care for infected and suspected cases (34). 1. One moose, two moose. While still living through COVID-19, we already know one legacy finding will be the countrys undermanaged stockpile of essential equipment. Sawalha AH, Zhao M, Coit P, Lu Q. Epigenetic dysregulation of ACE2 and interferon-regulated genes might suggest increased COVID-19 susceptibility and severity in lupus patients. Less than half (47.1%) of frontline workers have a high school diploma or less, compared to 17.9% of other essential workers and 32.2% of all U.S. workers. By the time infected persons realize that they are infected, they might have spread the disease to a large number of people without their knowledge and any ulterior motives. Calculate supply quantities needed to clean and disinfect medical equipment (e.g., stethoscopes) and frequently touched surfaces (e.g., chairs and door handles) at the facility at least once a day. CDC explains that Pfizer and Moderna are preferred in most situations. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2020. During a public health crisis, it is imperative that policymakers prioritize support for the most vulnerable frontline workers. Since the COVID-19 national lockdowns began, the term "frontline workers" has emerged to capture the vast number of people who must still report to work in the . See World Health Organization for information about COVID-19 in other countries. (2020) Available online at: https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200307-sitrep-47-covid-19.pdf?sfvrsn=27c364a4_4 (accessed March 25, 2020), 7. Xu X, Han M, Lia T, Sun W, Wang D, Fu B, et al. (2020) 158:e913. Read more aboutcoronavirus variants. Considerations for Public Health and Social Measures in the Workplace in the Context of COVID-19: Annex to Considerations in Adjusting Public Health and Social Measures in the Context of COVID-19. stream However, since these sites are not primarily intended for the delivery of healthcare, their structure might not be suitable for outpatient services that require physical exams and are best used to deliver single-purpose care (e.g., drug pick-ups, immunizations, or well-child visits). If you are concerned that you may have COVID-19, follow these steps to help protect your health and the health of others. Overall, the reported preparedness could be because the healthcare authorities have already initiated awareness and preparedness activities beyond their own borders. World Health organization. Lancet Respir Med. % These should specifically designate how federal benefits will flow to individuals based on state and local reopening lists, since the number and categories of workers will grow in time. P3, Check patient care equipment, including portable ventilators. Establish a system of COVID-19 screening and triage for patients arriving at alternate care sites as described in section B. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention; 2020, National Center for Immunization and Respiratory Diseases (NCIRD), Post-COVID Conditions: Healthcare Providers, Decontamination & Reuse of N95 Respirators, Purchasing N95 Respirators from Another Country, Powered Air Purifying Respirators (PAPRs), U.S. Department of Health & Human Services, Added links to existing guidance and minor rephrasing for clarifications. Since December 2019, cases have been identified in a growing number of countries. The CDC notes that in most situations the two mRNA vaccines from Pfizer and Moderna are preferred over the Johnson & Johnson vaccine due to a risk of serious adverse events. Send us feedback about these examples. For example, millions of people work as cashiers (making $11.17 per hour), food preparation workers ($11.94 per hour), and home health aides ($12.18 per hour). Favipiravir (Avigan) is another drug that has exhibited promising activity in significantly reducing the viral load in comparison to standard care in several trials (23). 44. (2017) 11:205. Henry J. Kaiser Family Foundation, KFF Health Tracking Poll (2020). This method exposes a cadre of workers that have not yet received significant national attention. (2020) Available online at: http://www.chinacdc.cn/yyrdgz/202001/P020200128523354919292.pdf (accessed February 19, 2020). 2 0 obj (2020) 323:10619. (2020) Available online at: https://www.nih.gov/news-events/news-releases/nih-clinical-trial-shows-remdesivir-accelerates-recovery-advanced-covid-19, 21. This indicates ILI/SARI sentinel surveillance can be used to monitor COVID-19 and provide input for policy 2019 Novel Coronavirus (2019-nCoV): Strategic Preparedness and Response Plan. This share is not only higher than the U.S. average for all occupations (53%), but it is also considerably higher than the average for other essential occupations (38.6%). As the results suggested, health organizations (89.6%) and healthcare professionals (57.9%) are able to communicate effectively to the participants in convincing and making them understand the patterns and phases of the infection.
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